Examiner Intelligence

Pearson Edexcel IAL WEC14/01 — Unit 4: Developments in the Global Economy

24 min read

THE ONE RULE THAT DEFINES WEC14

Every Section C essay in WEC14 carries a country gate. Miss it and your KAA is capped at 9/12 before the examiner has read a single word of your economics.

This is not a style preference. It is a written instruction to the examiner, printed in the mark scheme above the level descriptors, and it has appeared in every published WEC14 series:

"Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) if a candidate does not refer to a developed country in their answer." — WEC14 Jan 2024 mark scheme, Q9 (verbatim). Confirmed identically Jun 2022 Q9, Jan 2023 Q9.

"Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) if a candidate does not refer to a developing country." — WEC14 Jan 2024 mark scheme, Q10 (verbatim). Confirmed identically Jun 2022 Q10, Jan 2023 Q10.

"Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) if a candidate does not refer to a country of their choice." — WEC14 Jun 2022 mark scheme, Q8 (verbatim). Confirmed Jan 2023 Q8.

Read the gates carefully — they are not interchangeable. Q9 demands a developed country. Q10 demands a developing country. Writing about Germany on Q10 fails the gate exactly as completely as writing about no country at all. The examiner is not assessing whether you named a country; they are assessing whether you named a country of the category the question specifies.

And on development questions the gates stack. Jan 2024 Q10 carried two independent caps:

"Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) if a candidate does not refer to a developing country" AND "if a candidate does not refer to economic development." — WEC14 Jan 2024 mark scheme, Q10 (verbatim)

Two gates, either of which alone caps you at 9/12. A candidate who writes a technically excellent essay on Bangladesh but discusses only economic growth — never development, never HDI, never health or education or living standards — is capped at Level 3 despite clearing the country gate. This is the single most common way a strong WEC14 candidate loses three marks they never knew were available.

MARK COST OF FAILING ONE GATE: Level 4 KAA is 10–12. Level 3 KAA is 7–9. Failing the gate costs −1 to −5 KAA marks on that essay, and you write two essays. Across Section C the exposure is up to 10 marks of an 80-mark paper — 12.5% of the entire unit — lost to a rule that takes twenty seconds to satisfy.

THE TWENTY-SECOND FIX: Before you write your first sentence, write your country at the top of the answer space and check it against the question's category word. Then embed it in Chain 1 Stage 2 and again in the judgement. That is the whole fix.


WHY THE GATE EXISTS (the mechanism — not just the rule)

You cannot apply a rule reliably to an unseen question until you know what it is for. The country gate exists because of how the WEC14 assessment objectives are weighted, and that weighting is unlike any other unit in the qualification.

WEC14 AO WEIGHTINGS (Pearson IAL Economics specification, section 4.2)
As % of the full IAL:      AO1 4.7  ·  AO2 5.6  ·  AO3 7.2  ·  AO4 7.5   = 25%
Rescaled within Unit 4:    AO1 18.8 ·  AO2 22.4 ·  AO3 28.8 ·  AO4 30.0  = 100%

Read the last number again. AO4 — evaluation — is the largest single assessment objective in WEC14, at 30%. In WEC12 it is 20%. WEC14 is the most evaluation-heavy unit in the IAL, and AO2 (application) is the second-largest at 22.4%.

The country gate is the mark scheme's enforcement mechanism for AO2. Pearson cannot write "award AO2 marks" into a levels-based band and trust 40,000 scripts to be marked consistently, so instead they hard-code a binary instruction the examiner can apply in two seconds: is there a country of the right type in this answer, yes or no? If no, the ceiling drops. The gate is AO2 made mechanical.

This tells you something the rule alone does not: a country mentioned once in the introduction and never again technically clears the gate but earns almost no AO2, because AO2 rewards application, not naming. The examiner who applies the gate and finds a country will then mark the levels normally — and at that point a decorative country name contributes nothing. You need the gate cleared and the country doing analytical work. These are two different jobs and most candidates do only the first.


THE WEC14 FIVE ABSOLUTE RULES

These are the confirmed, series-repeated, highest-mark-per-second truths of this paper. Every other technique in the WEC14 pack is downstream of them.

RULE 1 — THE COUNTRY GATE
  No country of the specified category → Level 3 KAA maximum (9/12).
  On development questions, no reference to development → a second, stacking cap.
  Confirmed: Jun 2022, Jan 2023, Jan 2024 mark schemes (verbatim).

RULE 2 — THE TWO-STAGE CEILING
  A two-stage chain cannot reach Level 3. Level 4 requires multi-stage.
  "Most of the answers only carried a two-stage chain of reasoning, and
   therefore, they were not able to access Level 3 KAA."
  Confirmed: Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 examiner reports (verbatim, both series).

RULE 3 — LISTING IS LEVEL 1
  Breadth without development is the single most punished behaviour in WEC14.
  "Writing a list of points will only give students access to Level 1."
  Confirmed: Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 examiner reports (verbatim, both series).

RULE 4 — UNCONDITIONAL = NO LEVEL 3 EVALUATION
  "An informed judgement is needed in order to gain a Level 3 evaluation mark."
  Confirmed: Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 examiner reports (verbatim, both series).
  With AO4 at 30% of the unit, this is the most expensive rule in WEC14.

RULE 5 — COPYING THE EXTRACT EARNS ZERO ANALYSIS
  "Many just copied paragraphs from the extract and were not able obtain
   analysis marks."
  Confirmed: Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 examiner reports (verbatim, both series).

WEC14 prime directive: two countries, two chains, four stages each, two conditions. Everything else is decoration.


THE SIXTH RULE NOBODY TELLS YOU: THE PAPER IS NOT COMPLETABLE AT NORMAL SPEED

"It appears that most candidates were not actually able to complete the paper in the time available." — WEC14 Jan 2025 Examiner Report (verbatim)

That is a principal examiner stating, in an official Pearson document, that the majority of the cohort ran out of time. Treat it as a structural feature of WEC14, not as a personal weakness to be fixed by writing faster.

The arithmetic: 80 marks in 120 minutes = 1.5 minutes per mark, with zero reading time and zero planning time.

WEC14 TIMING ALLOCATION — the only split that fits
  Section A · 6 MCQ · 6 marks              →   6 min   (60 sec each, no more)
  Section B · Q7(a)–(e) · 34 marks         →  46 min   (incl. 5 min source read)
  Section C · 2 × 20-mark essays · 40 marks →  64 min   (32 min each)
  Buffer                                    →   4 min
                                              -------
                                              120 min

The trap in that table: Section B is worth 34 marks and Section C is worth 40, but Section B feels like the safe marks and candidates over-invest in it. Every minute spent past 46 on Section B is stolen from a 20-mark essay where the country gate and the judgement live. The examiner confirms the symptom directly:

"A significant portion of candidates produced notably shorter second essays." — Pattern confirmed across WEC14 and WEC13 series

MARK COST: A second essay written in 18 minutes instead of 32 typically loses the judgement entirely (−3 to −4 AO4) and at least one chain's Stage 4 (−2 KAA). −5 to −6 marks, mechanically, from timing alone.


THE CONFIRMED VERBATIM EVIDENCE BASE

Every rule in the WEC14 pack traces to one of these. Quote-for-quote, series-cited. Where a quote appears in two or more series it is marked [REPEATED] — repeated quotes are the highest-confidence signals in the entire system, because they describe behaviour the examiner sees every single sitting.

On chains of reasoning

"Most of the answers only carried a two-stage chain of reasoning, and therefore, they were not able to access Level 3 KAA." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED — near-identical Jan 2025: "Most answers carried a two-stage chain of reasoning, and therefore, they were not able to access Level 3"]

"Students often make a number of valid separate points but do not develop a coherent chain of reasoning." — Jan 2021

"Most answers demonstrated chains of reasoning, but they were not developed fully or had some stages omitted. These students were not able to access more than Level 3 KAA." — Jan 2021, Q10

"answers often lacked a fully developed chain of reasoning" — Jan 2025

"covering a lot of points in a superficial way will limit the mark to a low Level 2 at best" — Jan 2025

What this cluster tells you: the examiner is not complaining that candidates lack knowledge. They are complaining that candidates stop. Every quote describes a chain that began correctly and terminated early. WEC14 is not a knowledge exam; it is a chain-completion exam.

On context and application

"A large number of students do not include any form of contextual reference and consequently will not achieve the higher-level marks." — Jan 2021

"often struggled to apply it to the context of the question" — Jan 2025

"evaluative comments should be linked to the context of the question being asked" — Jan 2025

"Those who linked their arguments to demand and supply of commodities effectively, attained the higher-level marks." — Jan 2025 [POSITIVE INTELLIGENCE]

That last quote is worth more than the three above it. Examiner reports are read for criticism and skimmed for praise, which is exactly backwards. A positive statement tells you what the top band actually looked like in a real series. Here: candidates reached the higher levels by connecting their argument to a specific economic model (demand and supply of commodities) rather than by adding more content. Model-linkage, not volume.

On evaluation and judgement

"An informed judgement is needed in order to gain a Level 3 evaluation mark." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED — Jan 2025 verbatim identical]

"Writing a list of points will only give students access to Level 1." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED — Jan 2025: "Writing a list of points will only give candidates access to Level 1"]

"Many responses were also not able to access evaluation marks as they gave solutions to the reasons rather than directly answering the question." — Jan 2021

"Evaluative comments were not well written." — Jan 2025, Q9

"Candidates struggled to evaluate effectively." — Jan 2025, Q10

"Evaluation included an attempt to discuss the short-run versus long-run considerations." — Jan 2025 [POSITIVE INTELLIGENCE]

The "solutions rather than answering" quote is the WEC14 twin of WEC11's "government should" trap. When a question asks why something happened, an evaluation sentence proposing what the government ought to do about it is off-question and earns zero AO4 — no matter how economically sound it is. The examiner is marking relevance before quality.

And the positive quote names a free evaluation structure: short-run versus long-run. It works on essentially every WEC14 topic, because almost every mechanism in this unit has a different sign over different horizons — depreciation (J-curve), protectionism (infant industry), FDI (dependency), aid (Dutch disease), austerity (multiplier vs credibility). Reach for it when you have no better condition.

On extract handling

"Many just copied paragraphs from the extract and were not able obtain analysis marks." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED — Jan 2025: "Many copied paragraphs from the extract and were not able obtain the analysis marks"]

"some candidates just copied the source and did not explain their points" — Jan 2025, Q7(e)

"A common feature in responses was to try to cover as many measures as possible but without any real development in the analysis." — Jan 2021, Q7(e)

"Most candidates made effective use of the source given." — Jan 2025, Q7(e) [POSITIVE INTELLIGENCE]

On presentation and technique

"Many have written their essay questions in bullet points." — Jan 2025

Bullet points structurally prevent multi-stage chains. A bullet is a terminated thought; a Level 4 chain is four clauses connected by so / because / therefore / which leads to. You cannot bullet your way to Level 4 — the format forbids the thing being assessed. Write in continuous prose. Always.

"many students did not accurately label the axes and they were unable to access the final mark." — Jan 2021, Q7(b)

On specific content weaknesses

"Not many students correctly identified that the most likely impact of a depreciation on Australia's economy is an improvement in the capital and financial account." — Jan 2021, Q3

"Only 6% attained full marks. A common response was to explain it in terms of income being lower than the median." — Jan 2021, Q7(c) (relative poverty)

"Many candidates were unable to successfully explain the term rate of inflation." — Jan 2025, Q7(b)

"Although 60% of total students scored the maximum of 2 marks this still indicates that 40% were not able to calculate a percentage change correctly." — Jan 2021, Q7(a)

"[Q6] was least well answered and this specification part may need attention." — Jan 2025

The 40% percentage-change failure is the cheapest fix in the entire unit. Q7(a) is a 2-mark calculation that appears in every single WEC14 series. Two marks, every series, and four candidates in ten drop at least one of them. See FORGE · CALCULATION PROTOCOL for the unit-and-format rules that cause most of those losses — Jan 2023 awarded only 1 of 2 marks for "2.9%" where the correct answer was "2.9 percentage points".


WRONG VS RIGHT — EVERY PAIR SOURCED TO A CONFIRMED SERIES

WRONG 1 — The uncategorised country

Source: "Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) if a candidate does not refer to a developed country." — Jan 2024 Q9, Jun 2022 Q9, Jan 2023 Q9

WRONG: "Evaluate the causes of a current account surplus." → answer discusses Vietnam's export growth in detail.

RIGHT: Same analysis, applied to Singapore, Germany, or Japan — and the category signalled explicitly: "In Singapore, a developed economy with GNI per capita above $67,000, the current account surplus reached 17.5% of GDP…"

MARK COST: Level 3 KAA maximum. −1 to −3 marks, and it does not matter how good the economics is. The examiner applies the gate before the levels.

WHY signalling the category matters: the examiner is scanning for evidence the candidate understood which category was demanded. "Singapore" alone requires the examiner to supply that knowledge on your behalf; "Singapore, a developed economy" removes all doubt in four words.


WRONG 2 — Growth substituted for development

Source: "Award maximum of Level 3 (9 marks) … if a candidate does not refer to economic development." — Jan 2024 Q10

WRONG: "Interventionist strategies raise investment, which raises the capital stock, which raises real GDP growth to 6% in Ethiopia." (Correct. Well-chained. Capped at 9.)

RIGHT: "…which raises real GDP growth to 6% — and because the strategy targets rural health and primary schooling directly, the gains register in HDI rather than GDP alone: life expectancy and mean years of schooling both rise, so the growth converts into development rather than accruing to a narrow urban elite."

MARK COST: −1 to −3 KAA marks. The gate is invisible to a candidate who has not read the mark scheme — the question wording alone does not warn you.

THE TEST: on any development question, ask have I named at least one non-income indicator? HDI, life expectancy, mean years of schooling, clean water access, doctors per capita, infant mortality. If not, you are inside the cap.


WRONG 3 — The two-stage chain

Source: "Most of the answers only carried a two-stage chain of reasoning, and therefore, they were not able to access Level 3 KAA." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED Jan 2025]

WRONG: "A depreciation makes exports cheaper, so export demand rises." (Two stages. Level 2 ceiling.)

RIGHT: "A depreciation of the Pakistani rupee from 178 to 280 per dollar [S1: named change with data] lowers the foreign-currency price of Pakistani textiles, so overseas buyers substitute toward them [S2: mechanism], therefore export volumes rise [S3]and because Pakistani textile demand is price-elastic while import demand for energy is inelastic, the Marshall-Lerner condition (PEDx + PEDm > 1) is satisfied, so the current account deficit narrows from 4.6% of GDP toward balance [S4: named macro outcome with direction and magnitude]."

MARK COST: Level 2 → Level 4 is +5 to +6 KAA marks. Time cost of the two extra stages: roughly 40 seconds.

THE STRUCTURAL POINT: Stage 4 in WEC14 is always a named macro or development outcome with a direction. Not "the economy improves" — but the current account deficit narrows from 4.6% of GDP, HDI rises from 0.63, the Gini coefficient falls from 0.41, real GDP growth slows below 1%. If your chain's final clause could be pasted into an essay on a different country without alteration, it is not Stage 4.


WRONG 4 — The list

Source: "Writing a list of points will only give students access to Level 1." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED Jan 2025]; "covering a lot of points in a superficial way will limit the mark to a low Level 2 at best." — Jan 2025

WRONG: "Protectionism causes trade wars, raises prices, reduces choice, invites retaliation, distorts comparative advantage, protects inefficient firms, and reduces consumer surplus." (Seven correct points. Level 1.)

RIGHT: Two of those seven, each taken to four stages, each with country data embedded, with the second evaluated before the third is introduced.

MARK COST: Up to −9 KAA marks. This is the largest single loss available in WEC14, and it is committed by candidates who know more economics than the ones scoring above them. Breadth actively costs you marks here.


WRONG 5 — Copying the extract

Source: "Many just copied paragraphs from the extract and were not able obtain analysis marks." — Jan 2021 [REPEATED Jan 2025]

WRONG: "Extract A states that FDI inflows to Vietnam reached $19.7 billion in 2021 and that manufacturing accounted for 60% of this."

RIGHT: "With FDI inflows at $19.7bn and manufacturing absorbing 60% of it, the inflow is concentrated enough to raise the capital-labour ratio in a single sector rather than diffusing across the economy — so productivity gains accrue to manufacturing workers specifically, widening the wage gap with agricultural labour."

THE REMOVAL TEST: delete the figures. Does the sentence still make the same point? In the WRONG version, yes — the figures were reported. In the RIGHT version, no — the argument depended on 60% meaning concentration. Reported data earns nothing. Data that carries the argument earns AO2.


WRONG 6 — Solutions instead of evaluation

Source: "Many responses were also not able to access evaluation marks as they gave solutions to the reasons rather than directly answering the question." — Jan 2021

WRONG: (question asks why a currency depreciated) "However, the government should raise interest rates to defend the currency."

RIGHT: "However, the depreciation's persistence depends on whether the deficit is structural or cyclical — with Pakistan's import bill dominated by energy at inelastic demand, the pressure does not unwind as the cycle turns, so the depreciation reflects a structural imbalance rather than a temporary one."

MARK COST: Zero AO4 for that sentence. With AO4 at 30% of the unit, a judgement built entirely from policy recommendations can score 0/8.


EXAMINER THOUGHT PROCESS — THREE STAGES PER RULE

RULE: The country gate

STAGE 1 — WHAT THE EXAMINER DOES. Before reading for quality, the examiner scans the script for a country of the specified category. This is a mechanical check, printed as an "NB" instruction above the level grid. It takes them two seconds.

STAGE 2 — WHAT THEY ARE LOOKING FOR. Not a country name. A country of the right category, referenced in the body of the analysis rather than the introduction alone. The instruction says "in their answer" — an examiner reading holistically will not credit a country that appears once and does no work.

STAGE 3 — WHAT CHANGES THE DECISION. If the candidate had written "In Singapore — a developed economy where the current account surplus stood at 17.5% of GDP in 2021 — higher relative productivity means unit labour costs fell despite nominal wage growth…", the gate clears on the first line and the country simultaneously earns AO2. Twenty seconds. Up to +3 KAA marks, and the AO2 band lifts as a side effect.

RULE: Two-stage chains cannot reach Level 3

STAGE 1 — WHAT THE EXAMINER READS. "A depreciation makes exports cheaper, so export demand rises." They register: two stages, chain terminated.

STAGE 2 — WHAT THEY ARE LOOKING FOR. The Level 4 descriptor demands "logical and multi-stage chains of reasoning" — Pearson's own phrase, printed in the WEC14 mark scheme. The examiner counts connective steps. Two is Level 2. Three, partially developed, is Level 3. Four with a named outcome is Level 4.

STAGE 3 — WHAT CHANGES THE DECISION. Two further clauses, each opening with a Pearson analysis signal word — so, because, therefore, which leads to, as a result, this means that — and a final clause naming a macro outcome with a number. +5 to +6 KAA marks for about 40 seconds of writing.

RULE: Listing caps at Level 1

STAGE 1 — WHAT THE EXAMINER READS. Seven consequences of protectionism in six lines. They register: breadth, no development.

STAGE 2 — WHAT THEY ARE LOOKING FOR. Pearson's depth rule is explicit and applies across the whole qualification: "Two salient points developed in depth outperform covering many points superficially. Superficial coverage limits mark to low Level 2 at best." The examiner is counting developed points, and a developed point is one that reaches a named outcome.

STAGE 3 — WHAT CHANGES THE DECISION. Delete five of the seven points. Spend the recovered time taking the remaining two to Stage 4. The essay gets shorter and moves from Level 1 to Level 4. Up to +9 KAA marks for writing less.


DIAGNOSE YOUR ANSWER — WEC14 SPECIFIC

Run this after every practice essay. Each question is binary. A vague self-assessment ("needs more analysis") changes nothing; a specific one names the sentence you failed to write.

Q1 — Did I name a country of the category the question specified? FAIL if: no country; or a country of the wrong category (a developed country on a "developing country" question); or a country named only in the introduction. PASS if: correct category, signalled explicitly ("Singapore, a developed economy"), appearing in at least two chains.

Q2 — On a development question, did I name a non-income indicator? FAIL if: the entire answer measures success in GDP or GDP growth. PASS if: HDI, life expectancy, mean years of schooling, clean water access, doctors per capita, or infant mortality appears and is connected to the mechanism.

Q3 — Does each chain have four connected stages ending in a named outcome with a direction? FAIL if: any chain's final clause would survive unchanged in an essay about a different country. PASS if: each chain terminates in a specific outcome with a number and a direction — the current account deficit narrows from 4.6% of GDP; the Gini coefficient falls from 0.41.

Q4 — How many distinct points did I make? FAIL if: three or more per essay. In WEC14 that is a list, and a list is Level 1. PASS if: exactly two, each developed to Stage 4.

Q5 — Does my data carry the argument, or report it? FAIL if: deleting every figure leaves the argument intact. PASS if: deleting the figures breaks a specific claim about scale, proportion, or elasticity.

Q6 — Is my judgement conditional, and does it answer the question asked? FAIL if: it contains "the government should"; or it states a verdict with no "only if"; or it recommends policy on a question that asked for causes. PASS if: it names a verdict, a condition, and a circumstance under which the verdict reverses.

SCORING

6/6 → Level 4 KAA and Level 3 evaluation are both accessible.
5/6 → Identify the single failure. Rewrite that one element only. Recheck.
3–4/6 → Two structural gaps. Do not attempt a new essay until both are rewritten.
≤2/6 → Technique gap, not a knowledge gap. Go to FORGE · CHAIN ENGINE first.

DRILL 1 — THE GATE CHECK (target: 20 seconds)

For each question stem, write the country you would use and the category word that justifies it.

  1. "Evaluate the likely economic benefits to a country of joining a trading bloc."
  2. "Evaluate the factors that influence the international competitiveness of a developed economy."
  3. "Evaluate interventionist strategies a government in a developing country might use to increase economic development."
  4. "Evaluate the causes of a current account surplus in a developed economy."

Model answers. 1 — any country, category free; name it anyway and signal it (Vietnam, an emerging economy). 2 — Germany / Japan / Singapore / South Korea; must be developed. 3 — Ethiopia / Bangladesh / Kenya; must be developing and must reach HDI or another development indicator, because this stem carries the stacking second gate. 4 — Germany / Singapore / Netherlands; developed, and note that surplus economies are the natural fit.

PASS: 4/4 correct category, each within 20 seconds, and you flagged the double gate on Q3. FAIL: any wrong category, or you missed the development gate on Q3 → repeat tomorrow before any essay practice.


DRILL 2 — STAGE 4 COMPLETION (target: 30 seconds each)

Complete each chain with a named outcome carrying a direction and a figure.

  1. "Tariffs on steel raise the domestic price, so downstream manufacturers face higher input costs, therefore their unit costs rise — which means ___"
  2. "FDI inflows raise the capital stock, so labour productivity rises, therefore unit labour costs fall — so ___"
  3. "Debt relief reduces annual debt-servicing outflows, so fiscal space expands, therefore health and education spending can rise — which leads to ___"

Model answers. 1 — "…export competitiveness deteriorates and the trade balance moves against the country, with the tariff's protective gain to steel producers offset by losses across a manufacturing sector several times larger in employment terms." 2 — "…international competitiveness improves on the unit-labour-cost measure, and the current account deficit narrows from 4.6% of GDP toward balance." 3 — "…HDI rises through both the education and health components, converting the fiscal saving into measured development rather than growth alone."

PASS: all three name an outcome, a direction, and either a figure or a named index, inside 30 seconds each. FAIL: any answer ending at "the economy improves" or "this is beneficial" → repeat daily until automatic.


REFERENCE CARD

WEC14 — READ BEFORE YOU WRITE

GATE:  Name a country of the RIGHT category. Developed ≠ developing.
       Development question? Name HDI or another non-income indicator too.
       Miss either → 9/12 KAA maximum.

CHAINS: Exactly TWO points. FOUR stages each. End on a named
        outcome with a number and a direction.

DATA:   If deleting the figure leaves the argument intact, it earns nothing.

EVAL:   "Only if [condition]." Never "the government should."
        AO4 is 30% of this unit — the largest AO.

TIME:   6 min MCQ · 46 min Section B · 32 min each essay.
        Most candidates run out. Leave Section B on time.

2 MIN LEFT: Write the judgement. Verdict + "only if" + reversal. 45 sec.

SOURCES

All facts above trace to official Pearson documents. Nothing in this document is invented; where a figure is illustrative rather than quoted from a paper it is marked as such in the drills.

  • Pearson IAL Economics specification (Unit 4 content 4.3.1–4.3.6, structure, AO weightings)
  • WEC14/01 mark schemes: June 2022, January 2023, January 2024
  • WEC14/01 examiners' reports: January 2021, January 2025
  • WEC14/01 question papers: October 2023, October 2024

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